The purpose of Article 2 is to specify the circumstances and conduct which constitute Anti-Doping rule violations. Hearings in doping cases will proceed based on the assertion that one or more of these specific rules have been violated. Athletes or other Persons shall be responsible for knowing what constitutes an Anti-Doping rule violation and the substances and methods which have been included on the Prohibited List.

The following constitute Anti-Doping rule violations:

2.1 Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s Sample.

2.2 Use or Attempted Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method.

2.3 Evading, Refusing or Failing to Submit to Sample Collection by an Athlete.

2.4 Whereabouts Failures by an Athlete.

2.5 Tampering or Attempted Tampering with any Part of Doping Control by an Athlete or Other Person.

2.6 Possession of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method by an Athlete or Athlete Support Person.

2.7 Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method by an Athlete or Other Person.

2.8 Administration or Attempted Administration by an Athlete or Other Person to any Athlete In-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, or Administration or Attempted Administration to any Athlete Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method that is Prohibited Out-of-Competition.

2.9 Complicity or Attempted Complicity by an Athlete or Other Person.

2.10 Prohibited Association by an Athlete or Other Person.

2.11 Acts by an Athlete or Other Person to Discourage or Retaliate Against Reporting to Authorities.